This Week in My Classes: October Already?!

3032-Start-Here-cropI had such good intentions to post regularly again this term about my classes . . . and somehow the first month has gone by and I’m only just getting around to it. The thing is (and I know I’ve said this a few times recently) there was a lot going on in my life besides classes in September, much of it difficult and distracting in one way or another—which is not meant as an excuse but as an explanation. Eventually, someday, maybe, my life won’t have quite so many, or at least quite such large, or quite such fraught, moving pieces. Honestly, I am exhausted by the ongoing instability—about which (as I have also said before) more details later, perhaps—and the constant effort it requires to keep my mental balance.

Anyway! Yes, I’m back in class, and that has actually been a stabilizing influence overall: it turns out I do better when I am busier. I have two courses this term. One is a section of “Literature: How It Works,” one of our suite of first-year offerings that do double-duty as introductions to the study of literature and writing requirement classes. In the nearly 30 years I’ve been teaching at Dalhousie, I’ve offered an intro class pretty much every year, though multiple revisions of our curriculum over that same long period have changed their names, descriptions, formats, and especially sizes. I don’t think it’s just nostalgia that makes me look back wistfully on the version that was standard in my first years here: called “Introduction to Literature,” running all year, capped at 55 with one teaching assistant per section to keep us in line with the 30:1 ratio required by the writing requirement regulations. So many things about that arrangement were preferable to the current half-year version with 90 students . . . but even as demand has stayed robust for these classes, our available resources have shrunk, and so here we are. (Oh, but how much more I could do when I didn’t lose so much time to starting and stopping anew every term—and actually the change to half-year courses was brought about because the university acquired registration software that could not accommodate full-year courses and so we were forced to change our pedagogy to fit it. That still makes me angry!)

broadview short fictionThere are still things I like about teaching first-year classes, though, chief among them the element of surprise, for them as well as for me: because students mostly sign up for them to fulfill a requirement, and choose a section based on their timetable, not the reading list, they often have low expectations (or none at all) for my class in particular, meaning if something lights them up, it’s kind of a bonus for them; and for me, it’s a rare opportunity to have a room full of students from across a wide range of the university’s programs who bring a lot of different perspectives and voices to the class. I do my best to keep a positive and personal atmosphere—and some interactive aspects—even in a tiered lecture hall that makes it essential for me to use PowerPoint and wear a microphone; we have weekly smaller tutorials that also give us a chance to know each other better.

I continue to think a lot in my first-year teaching about the issues of products and processes that I have written about here before. This year I am also using specifications grading again, with its emphasis on practice and feedback rather than polish and judgment. I feel good about the basic structure of the course I have worked out over its recent iterations—but it seems possible I will get a break from teaching intro next year, and that would buy me time to give it a refresh, perhaps (who knows) the last one before I retire. This week is the last one of our initial unit on poetry (we will return to some more complex poems at the end of term). We’ve approached it in steps, focusing first on diction, then on point of view and voice, then on figurative language, then subject and theme—all, as I’ve tried to emphasize, artificially separated so that we can be clear about what they are and how to talk about them, but actually happening and mattering all at once. So this week’s lecture is “Poetry: The Whole Package” and the reading is “Dover Beach”—last year it was “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” but that seemed to be too much for most of them, and no wonder.  (Still, it was fun to teach “Prufrock,” which I’m not sure I’d done before.)

bleak-housseMy other class is 19thC Fiction, this time around the Dickens to Hardy version. (Speaking of full-year classes, once upon a time I got to teach a full year honours seminar in the 19th-century British novel and let me tell you we did some real reading in that class! Ah, those were the days.) (Is talking like this a sign that I should be thinking more seriously about retirement?) I went with “troublesome women” as my unifying theme this time: Bleak HouseAdam BedeLady Audley’s Secret, and Tess of the d’Urbervilles. We have been making our way through Bleak House all month; Wednesday is our final session on it, and I am really looking forward to it. I hope the students are too! But I’m also already getting excited about moving on to Adam Bede, which I have not taught since 2017. It was wonderful to hear a number of students say that they were keen to read Bleak House because, often against their own expectations, they had really loved studying David Copperfield with me last year in the Austen to Dickens course. (You see, this is why we need breadth requirements in our programs: how can you be sure what you are interested in, or might even love, if you aren’t pushed to try a lot of different things? And of course even if you don’t love something you try, at least now you know more about it than whatever you assumed about it before.)

The_YearsIn many ways the first month of term is deceptively simple: things are heating up now, for us and for our students, as assignments begin to come due. After a fairly dreary summer, though, when the days often seemed to drag on and on, I appreciate how much faster the time passes when there’s a lot to do and I’m making myself useful (or so I hope) to other people. I also decided to put my name on the list for our departmental speaker series, to make sure the work I did over the summer didn’t go to waste, so I will wrap up this week by presenting my paper “‘Feeble Twaddle’: Failure, Form, and Purpose in Virginia Woolf’s The Years.” Wish me luck! It has been a long time since I did this exact thing; in fact, I believe the last presentation I made to my colleagues was about academic blogging, more than a decade ago. I have given conference papers and other public presentations since then: I haven’t just been talking to myself—and you—here, I promise! But I haven’t felt that I was doing work that fit very well into this series, which for related reasons I haven’t attended regularly for many years. I made a vow to engage more with my department and my colleagues this year, though, and so I’m going to the talks as well as giving my own. This is one result of my recent reflections on what I want this last stage of my professional life to be like: difficult as it still sometimes is for me to do this, I want to be present for it, if that makes any sense.

And that’s where things are at the moment, after the first month back in my classes. I probably shouldn’t make any promises about returning to the kind of regular updates I used to make to this series, but as always, I have found the exercise of writing this stuff up both fun and helpful—that hasn’t changed since I reflected on my first year of blogging my teaching. It’s a bit like exercise, I guess: if you can just get past the inertia, you feel better for doing it! We’ll see if that’s motivation enough.

August Reading Recap

I read 16 books in August. Two were audiobooks, which is new for me: Naomi Klein’s Doppelganger (which I highly recommend) and Agatha Christie’s And Then There Were None (which was narrated wonderfully by Dan Stevens and proved an excellent choice for me to listen to, just brisk and suspenseful enough to keep my attention on walks or while crafting). Two were for reviews for Quill & Quire: Ayelet Tsabari’s Songs for the Brokenhearted (my review is submitted and will be online pretty soon, I expect) and Jenny Haysom’s Keep (this review is in progress). One was Oliver Burkeman’s The Antidote: Happiness for People Who Can’t Stand Positive Thinking (it me): I wasn’t sure I should count this, as to be honest I started skimming after a while, which is not to say it had nothing to offer me, especially its explanation of why positive thinking approaches to some kinds of mental health struggles can be not just annoying but genuinely counter-productive.

My book club decided to get in one more meeting this summer as a follow-up to our July discussion of Guy de Maupassant’s Bel-Ami. Keeping with our current French theme, we chose Gigi, which I think for all of us was our first experience of Colette. Although it’s a slight little book, it gave us plenty to talk about, from how we felt about the difference in age and maturity and agency between Gigi and her eventual fiancé to how much it is a romantic fantasy and how much a critique of the terms of that fantasy. Gigi takes a stand against her own commodification—but then she acquiesces to its terms just before she “wins” the real prize of a proposal. Does she really love Gaston? Does he really love her, or is he just getting her by whatever means he can? We were intrigued that Colette wrote the novel during the Nazi occupation of France, which perhaps gives some poignancy to its nostalgic evocation of the Belle Époque. We considered moving on to Lolita, but instead decided to stay in the French demimonde and read Dumas’ La Dame aux Camélias (in translation), which I am keen about as it is of course the origin of La Traviata, which has been my favorite opera since my parents gave me an LP of highlights from it (the Sutherland / Bergonzi recording) for my 5th birthday. Joan Sutherland signed the record cover for me when I met her backstage at the Vancouver Opera in 1977.

I did some lighter reading that I mostly enjoyed, including two novels by Katherine Center, who I somehow had never heard of before I read Miss Bates’s review of The Rom-Commers. As often happens, after that I seemed to see her titles everywhere! I had to put a hold on the new one and my turn is still a long way away, but I was able to get What You Wish For and Happiness for Beginners from the library. I had actually watched some of the Netflix adaptation of Happiness for Beginners before, not knowing it was based on a novel, but I didn’t finish it, as I was finding it laborious and un-charming. I really liked the novel, though, more than What You Wish For, which I already forget almost entirely! Another light(er) read was David Nicholls’ Sweet Sorrow, which was a bit YA-ish for me but still pretty good. My favorite of his remains Us.

August was Women In Translation month. I didn’t go all in on this, but I did bookend the month with translated works, starting it with Maylis de Kerangal’s Painting Time and ending it with Yoko Ogawa’s The Memory Police. Neither of them thrilled me, though both definitely kept me interested. Parts of Ogawa’s novel were also really haunting, though by the end it felt too much as if she was just pushing on to get finished with the concept she had for the novel. I sometimes feel the same about the enthusiasm for reading “books in translation” as I do about the enthusiasm for “lost gems”: both are not really coherent categories, and also just because a title has reached us from the other side of the world or from across the years doesn’t exactly guarantee its merits. (As I have said elsewhere, I wonder why middling books from 60 or 70 years ago seem so much more alluring than similarly middling titles from today.) On the other hand, there is a lot more advance curation of what’s available of both of these kinds of novels and it is certainly reasonable to expect that works that do get translated into English are above average and so worth trying. And of course it is intellectually beneficial not to be too provincial in one’s reading, for sure!

I had high expectations for both Anne Enright’s The Wren, The Wren and Selby Wynn Schwartz’s After Sappho, but neither of them excited me very much. On the other hand, I expected to find Omar El Akkad’s What Strange Paradise overhyped, but it was a highlight of my reading month—gripping, morally urgent, beautifully told. I also was very impressed with Ann Schlee’s Rhine Journey, which I was moved to read after hearing a convincing discussion of its merits on Backlisted.

Finally, I am so glad Shawn (of Shawn Breathes Books) recommended Sara Henshaw’s The Bookshop that Floated Away: it was a delight. It was more acerbic than I expected, but that was actually fine with me, as sometimes I get irritable with books that feel too obviously designed to appeal precisely to book lovers and those who (sigh) occasionally and delusionally imagine that owning a bookstore would be a lovely retirement option. (There’s this vacant house / storefront on Spring Garden Road that desperately needs salvaging and would make such a charming site . . . but even if the whole plan weren’t unsound, that property also has “money trap” written all over it.)

All in all, then, a good reading month, with lots of variety, some hits, and some misses, though even the misses were well worth reading. With classes about to start, I don’t expect to get through quite so many unassigned books in September—but having said that, I’ve been setting some goals for myself and one of them is to read more and spend less time watching TV and doomscrolling on social media. Sometimes I need these distractions: they have a useful anesthetic effect when I just can’t keep it all up (and, as I remind myself, there are worse ways to get numb when you need to). But they don’t do much for positive energy—though aspects of social media, such as book talk and podcasts, definitely do! Anyway, writing these down as intentions (and making those intentions public like this) may help me make better choices in the moment.

Another goal for the fall is to blog more, including continuing my longstanding series of posts about my teaching. I’ve been thinking a lot about what I want from the last phase of my career: I reach retirement age in 8 years, which, depending on the day, seems either very close or very far away. I don’t necessarily have to stop then—or, for that matter, to keep going until then! Things have been so turbulent in my life in recent years that I haven’t really been able to focus on this particular issue, but I do know that I don’t want to just drift towards retirement. Something ere the end, some work of noble note, may yet be done! One small gesture in this direction (though I would not say it looks like noble work at this point) is that I have volunteered for our departmental speaker series, where I will present whatever it is exactly that I’ve been doing about Woolf’s The Years. The paper’s working title is “Feeble Twaddle,” which is one way Woolf herself described the novel while she was working on it but which also often seems a fair description of the shitty rough draft I have so far produced. Being on the speakers schedule will, I hope, motivate me to wrestle it all into better shape. I think the last formal talk I gave to my department was an attempt (along these lines) to convince my colleagues about the potential merits of academic blogging—another lifetime, that seems like. That ship has probably sailed, although it has been interesting to watch my institution embrace a carefully vetted and marketed version of blogging under the rubric “Open Think.”  You have to apply to participate! (Ahem, you could also just get your own free WordPress site and have at.) I guess it was the DIY version they didn’t like, maybe because they couldn’t control it, or take credit for it.

“Things That Were Herself”: Ann Schlee, Rhine Journey

She seemed to see herself moving about its unknown rooms, small bare white rooms through which the sun fell at an angle. Here she set a plant on a deep sill. There she hung the sampler she had worked for her mother as a child: her own possessions. All her adult life she had lived in houses built of deep accretions of other people’s lives. She had moved among them cautiously. But here, she herself might extend to the very walls and they would reflect back upon her, her plant, her sampler, things that were herself.

Ann Schlee’s Rhine Journey was almost too exactly the kind of novel I like. It is Lolly Willowes with a dash of Villette, or perhaps the other way around. Its protagonist, Charlotte Morrison, is stifled, repressed, mournful, and—somewhere deep inside—angry. She has no agency, or dare not claim any; she has money but doesn’t dare use it to turn herself into the main character in her own life. Her desires, like Lucy Snowe’s, manifest themselves in dreamlike fantasies shot through with both menace and eroticism; also like Lucy Snowe, she (and therefore we) can sometimes find it hard to be certain where the line is between her imaginings, conscious or not, and her reality. And like Lolly Willowes, she does finally break out of the role being assigned to her, though not in quite such a dramatic way.

Rhine Journey is a wonderfully tense and atmospheric book. Very little actually happens, and what does is largely within Charlotte’s mind, as Schlee hews very closely to her point of view—one effect of which is to make the reader chafe againstits restraints and constraints almost as much as Charlotte herself does. A sample, from a point in the novel when Charlotte has rebelled against the constant expectation that she will put others’ needs before her own, not by arguing or protesting but by taking to her bed, and then, when everyone else has finally gone away, by daring to leave it:

It would be hot in the streets. A triangle of hard blue sky came and went as the curtain blew. Idly as she lay a thin film of sweat formed between her skin and the nightdress. There was borne in upon her the luxury of being alone. And with it as the hour of eleven came and went the desire to be more entirely alone. To be out among the intensifying sounds of the city. To walk in streets that formed no pattern for her, taking a turning here or there at random, as recklessly as if at any moment she should walk off the edge of the world. To see no face that could made demand of her. The beautiful blankness of faces of whom one asks nothing not even recognition. This was what she wanted.

In the glen, a little short of Strasserhoff, it was cool. The earth smelt damp and sweet. The rushing stream sounded. Through the trees she heard the crushing of twigs and undergrowth, rapid, impatient footsteps, fleeing ahead? pursuing?

No, she cried to herself. No She must not lie here a moment longer.

It’s deft, isn’t it, the way we slip out of bed with her into that shady glen, with its hint of threat, only to realize we haven’t left yet after all?

I don’t think the novel’s plot is as important as its mood: it’s that feeling, that yearning, that insistence, so hard to acknowledge, that this cannot be all there is, that it’s not bearable to live life on these terms—this is what drives us, and Charlotte, along to the novel’s crisis, which is in a way a repudiation of Charlotte’s self-absorption. She has misunderstood: she has interpreted something as personal that was political. I found it interesting that this realization is what it takes to liberate her. Contemplating the man who has (by an accident of resemblance) been an erotic fixation for her since the first page of the novel, she suddenly sees him as someone “outside her imagination” and thus “nothing to her.” It is exhilarating: she feels “free of a great burden,” as if suddenly, or finally, she too can step outside her own mind and do something, not selfish but for herself:

She could have run towards the lighted garden so eager was she about some purpose that she had scarcely defined to herself. And all the time—so oddly the mind veers—she pictured to herself those whitened cottage rooms where she might quietly extend herself, and moving from room to room, meet and recognize herself in forms unaltered by the pressures of others upon her.

These are familiar themes and Charlotte’s is in many ways a familiar arc for readers of both 19th and 20th-century fiction, but it is all so meticulously and intensely and intelligently told that it kept me completely engaged.

My Top 10 of the 21stC (So Far)

I really enjoyed listening to Trevor and Paul discuss their “top 10 books of the 21st century so far” on their (always enjoyable!) podcast, and so I thought I’d have a go at making my own list. I agree with them that the fun of this kind of exercise is in the conversations it prompts, with other readers, but also with ourselves. There is something clarifying about the process: it can’t possibly lead to a definitive list of the “best” books by some universally reliable standard (their two lists certainly illustrate this, as there is little overlap between them!) but it is one way to discover things about yourself as a reader, first by forcing yourself to make tough  choices and then by confronting you with other people’s choices.

I certainly had a vigorous conversation (if only in my own head) with Trevor and Paul about their choices, some of which I have found unreadable (ahem, Ducks, Newburyport – but also Austerlitz, as unlike Trevor I don’t usually like “wandering” books), some of which I also thought hard about in making my own list (The Road), and some of which I am more interested in reading than before, because they spoke so eloquently about them (Flights2666). They both read so widely: I have been seeking out more translated books already but one thing I definitely said to myself as I looked over my own longlist was that I needed to do even more of that.

This fun list-making project also had its sobering side: how many of us thinking about “the best books of the 21st century” will actually know much about the books that come out in the second half of the century, after all – or even the second quarter of it? We certainly won’t be around to see what the readers of the 22nd century think of our choices, fascinating as it would be to see which of them turn out to have any staying power. Perhaps our lists will look as comically misguided as the lists of bestseller lists from the 19th century, which are full of now-forgotten names. Maybe our idiosyncratic but deeply felt preferences will be starting points for the recovery projects of the future, the next generation of Virago and Persephone and NYRB Classics and Recovered Books!

So, without further ado, here’s my own list, my personal favorites of the 21st century so far. Compiling it was not a straightforward process: many of my “best of the year” titles, for example, were written well before the 21st century, so I couldn’t just pluck them for this purpose. I also didn’t start blogging until 2007, so it’s possible I have overlooked a book I read and loved but just didn’t think of while doing this, because I don’t have a record of it. Unlike Paul and Trevor, I have not ranked my titles: they are in chronological order. I know which one I would put at the top if I absolutely had to – but it’s my blog and my list so you can’t make me. 😁 I have written about almost every one of these books here or elsewhere, so I have included the links for you to follow if you want to know more about them. (How have I never written about Fingersmith?!)

Helen DeWitt, The Last Samurai (2001)

Ian McEwan, Atonement (2001)

Carol Shields, Unless (2002)

Sarah Waters, Fingersmith (2002)

Colm Tóibín, The Master (2004)

Daniel Mendelsohn, The Lost (2006)

Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall Trilogy (2009-2020)

Molly Peacock, The Paper Garden (2010)

George Saunders, Lincoln in the Bardo (2017)

Denise Riley, Time Lived, Without Its Flow (2019)

So, what do you think? Are any of these on your ‘best of the 21st C so far’ list? Are you aghast or just puzzled at any of them? Are any of them ones you’ve been curious about and now feel – as I do about Flights – that maybe it’s time to give them a try?

“The Sum of the Stories”: Maylis de Kerangal, Painting Time

In the clamor, Paula begins to paint, condenses the sum of the stories and the images into a single gesture, a movement sweeping as a lasso and precise as an arrow, since her painting contains at the moment something quite other than itself, gathers up the grazed knees of a five-year-old girl, the danger, an island in the far reaches of the Pacific, the sound of an egg hatching, the vanity of a king, a Portuguese sailor who bites into a rat, the rippling hair of a movie star, a writer gone fishing, the mass of time, and beneath embroidered swaddling clothes, a royal baby asleep, as if in a mythical nest, at the bottom of a shell.

Maylis de Kerangal’s Painting Time focuses on the personal and artistic development of Paula Karst, who when the novel opens is just beginning her studies at the Institut de Peinture in Brussels. She and her classmates are learning a very specific kind of painting: decorative painting or trompe-l’œil, the art of making one surface look like another, usually wood or marble or, as Paula chooses for her graduation piece, tortoiseshell. One of the recurring topics is whether this work is really painting, really art: is copying or recreating really, itself, creative? Or is it just highly skilled trickery? The goal of their painting is for the artistry to be indiscernible: is that all that really distinguishes it from painting that you know is painting? Doesn’t all art at least begin with copying, and isn’t copying also about preserving and sharing imagery that otherwise many people would never see for themselves?

These questions, both theoretical and philosophical, lurk but don’t dominate the novel. After graduation Paula and her friends deploy their training everywhere a deceptive surface is wanted, from hotel lobbies to movie sets. I didn’t feel that the story of Paula’s movement from one job to another had much momentum or interest: I didn’t have a strong sense that she was growing or changing as a person or an artist, though we are sometimes told that she is. The often highly technical descriptions of her work were more interesting, and I wondered if maybe that effect was deliberate on de Kerangal’s part, as the novel also seems quite engaged with ideas about the broad sweep of history as signaled by art history, with the artefacts and images ultimately outlasting their creators.

From this point of view, Paula is just one more painter, a point that is particularly emphasized by the final section in which she is hired to help complete a reproduction of the caves at Lascaux. To do this work, and indeed any of the painting she undertakes across the novel, Paula has to submerge herself in other times and places, in materials and processes, a kind of subordination of the self. Maybe this is how the novel asks us to think about decorative painting: instead of the insistent idiosyncrasy of works by the ‘great masters,’ which endlessly and beautifully and vexingly foreground their styles and their selves—their individual preoccupations—Paula and the other graduates of the Institut de Peinture disappear into the wood grain, the marbling, the cracks in the faux stucco. This erasure of the self makes an odd underlay for a book that is structured as a Bildungsroman or a Kunstlerroman, implicitly challenging the way those familiar fictional models drive our sense of what gives a life meaning, or what constitutes greatness or success in art.

An interesting book, then—but not, for me, a very engrossing one. Still, I enjoyed sections like this, which appeal to my longstanding fascination with ‘neepery’:

They’ve learned to glaze, to score, to soften, to stipple, to moiré, to lighten, to create a little iridescence with a polecat-hair round brush or an eyelet in the glaze with the brush handle, to draw short veins, to speckle, to wield the palette knife, the squirrel-hair two-headed marbling brush and the pitch pine brush, the large and the small spalter, the flat brush, the billiard cloth, and the burlap; they’ve learned to recognize Cassel earth and Conté, light cadmium yellow and cadmium orange; they’ve painted these same Renaissance ceiling angles with pudgy little cherubs, these same raspberry crushed silk draperies plunging from the cornices of Regency giltwood beds, these same Carrera columns, these same Roman mosaic friezes, same granite Nefertitis, and this apprenticeship has transformed them together, has shifted their language, marked their bodies, fed their imaginations, stirred their memories.

I also really enjoyed the sections about the discovery of the Lascaux caves: “For three days,” Paula tells us of the boys who first happened upon it, “they explored the cave, three days in which they toiled at extending the known world—extending known space and time—our great work.” Ah, the humanities.

Painting Time is translated from the French by Jessica Moore.

“Doneness”: Joan Barfoot, Exit Lines

barfootRuth sighs. It takes a great deal of energy, week after week, pressing her one remaining desire. “Try thinking of doneness as an awful illness then, and bound to be terminal. If you can’t even imagine feeling finished, you must think it’s a pretty terrible state to be in. So it’s about accepting what a person—me—regards as the end of the line. My definition of a fatal disease, which isn’t necessarily yours.”

A cautionary note about the rest of this post. Joan Barfoot’s Exit Lines is about someone planning to end their life. That is a tough topic for most people, I expect; it is certainly a tough one for me, and the novel brought up a lot of painful thoughts about Owen’s death in ways that I talk a bit about here. If you find discussions of suicide distressing, you should probably not read on. Canada now has a Suicide crisis helpline: call 9-8-8 if you need support. The same number also works in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Exit Lines is a brisk, smart, darkly comic novel about four people who move into a retirement community named—in typically euphemistic style for such places—the Idyll Inn. When the novel opens, our protagonists are creeping through the residence’s darkened corridors at 3 am. on a secret mission, the full details—and the outcome—of which we only gradually discover. In the meantime, Barfoot deftly recounts the story of their settling in and making what accommodations they can to their new circumstances—including the loss of autonomy and privacy, the depressingly bland dietary options, the relentless parade of activities that, though well-intentioned, inevitably come across as infantilizing, and the knowledge that the Idyll Inn will be the last place any of them call home.

The novel cuts back and forth between chapters taking us, bit by bit, further down those scary hallways (“Three busy hearts leap and bang. Legs are wobbly, hands a bit shaky, flesh feels fragile. These pajamas, nightgowns, slippers and robes are warm, but the skin beneath is unfairly goosebumpy, shivery”)  and chapters that tell us more about Sylvia, Greta, George, and Ruth—including what their lives and families were like before they ended up at the Idyll Inn. They were not all strangers to each other before, but the bond they form at the Inn is a pleasantly bracing surprise. It is particularly important to Ruth, who has determined to control her eventual exit from the Idyll Inn by ending her own life, on her own timeline and in the way that she has figured out will be quickest, least painful, and easiest for those assisting her to cover up. In her new friends she finds (she hopes) allies and co-conspirators, though she waits until she is fairly sure of their loyalty before asking for what she admits is an “enormous” favour, “to be with me come the time. And . . . to help me.”

Ruth’s request understandably shocks the other three:

Friendship is supposed to be companionability, compatibility, trust, empathy, challenge, warmth, goodwill, consolation, and sustenance. Not this. What she’s asking has to be—or is not?—beyond all possible bounds.

What follows is a lot of arguing and and soul searching as each of the characters confronts questions from the pragmatic to the profound:

What do they believe? What are their values, and if any, their faiths? How do these apply to the small figure of Ruth sitting here?

What is compassion, how important is trust? . . . 

What exactly is so exceptional about human beings? A single human being? Besides the fact that only human beings can even contemplate such a question.

The single most important question is “Who gets to decide?” Ruth says she does, but Ruth’s friends aren’t so sure, or at least (especially if they are going to help her) they need a better reason than because it’s what she wants (“What Ruth wants: ‘My time, my place, my way'”). “I’m sure I’d have an easier time,” Sylvia finally says, “if you had an awful illness that was going to be fatal.” Ruth’s reasons are not as straightforward as that, and perhaps they are not as good as that—but whose business is that but hers?

barfoot2The others’ counterarguments are also not that robust. “God crops up,” but none of them is religious, or at least doctrinally secure, enough to insist that her plan is wrong or sinful. They are all in varying stages of physical decline, and the one certainty they share is that they will  eventually leave the Idyll Inn the same way other residents have, their bodies whisked away as quickly and quietly as possible so as not to discourage the rest. Still, it’s one thing to die and another to kill yourself, or so they try to convince Ruth (“Those people who struggle to be alive. When we are safe and comfortable here—they feel their lives are precious even when they are so very difficult, but you do not feel your life is?” challenges Greta). Ruth is resolute, however, and finally, one by one, they come around. As Sylvia puts it after her own change of heart, “Whatever anyone says—lawyers, doctors, governments, religions, all those nincompoop moral busybodies that float around like weed seeds—we should be in charge of our own selves.”

It sounds so simple, even inarguable, put like that, but the long journey our characters take to get there reminds us that it isn’t, as does the lived experience of anyone with direct experience of suicide. Details matter, of course.  What Ruth is seeking is closest to what here in Canada we have termed “MAiD,” medical assistance in dying, although the help she asks for isn’t strictly speaking medical—but that is precisely because she does not have the kind of “awful illness” Sylvia initially thinks would be the only justification for death on her own terms. Sylvia is thinking of a physical illness, and that generally seems to be the easiest scenario for people to accept. The availability of MAiD to those with illnesses other people can’t so easily see for themselves, specifically mental illnesses, is more controversial. I’ve had several painfully searching conversations about this issue since Owen died: I am fortunate to have people in my life who are deeply thoughtful as well as remarkably kind, and I have been truly grateful to be able to talk with them about what having this option might have meant to Owen, as well as how I expect I would have felt about it as his mother. If I have reached any conclusions, they rest, as Sylvia’s does, on the primacy of autonomy as a right and a value. But there is nothing simple about any of it—the hypotheticals are as terrible for me to contemplate as the reality, if in different ways. 

phillipsBarfoot simplifies things for her characters by emphasizing Ruth’s clarity of mind and purpose: whether you find her desire to die more or less acceptable as a result is going to depend on your values, but it does, I think, help answer the question “who decides” in her favour. Illnesses like depression affect, perhaps distort, people’s perception of reality: it is harder to defer to their autonomy, then, although perhaps it shouldn’t be, as what makes the most difference to someone’s quality of life is how they experience the world, how they experience life, not what other people insist it is actually like. Of course, we want to believe things will change for them, that they will get better, and most depressed people will. What does that mean about their right to say, as Ruth does, “my time, my place, my way,” or our right to intervene? One of the most insightful discussions I’ve heard about suicide since Owen’s death is an interview Hermione Lee did with Adam Phillips about his book On Giving Up. Phillips argues that we should be “able to acknowledge, not happily, that for some people, their lives are actually unbearable,” that the dogmatic insistence on life as the ultimate unassailable intrinsic good (what he calls “the ‘life is sacred’ line”) “means you are absolutely compelled to suffer whatever it is that’s inflicted on you,” which he rejects as an “intolerable position.” I agree, while recognizing as he does that this does not make any part of such a scenario anything other than heartbreaking, tragic. Phillips notes that the famous psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott never tried to dissuade anyone from suicide: “I just try to make sure they do it for the right reasons,” Winnicott said. I find that a defensible and principled position—but this is a case in which my head and my heart are in profound and perhaps intractable conflict.*

Is Ruth seeking death for the “right reasons”? I think Exit Lines ultimately answers this question in the negative, although I won’t go into spoilers about what exactly happens. I found the novel’s ending disappointing in some ways, because it seemed to falter from its own hard won and, to my mind, justifiable position. On the other hand, Barfoot’s characters do find comfort in the choice Ruth has fought for, in knowing that they do not have to “be helpless,” that “this could be a strong thing, although [they] did not dream of it before.” They feel better knowing that they do not have to drift passively into that good night but can stay in control, so that each day is really their own unless or until they choose otherwise. Planning for this eventuality gives them a long-term project “more riveting than playing bridge, watching TV or turning needles and wool, click, click click.” The tone of the ending, which is uplifting without being saccharine, is well suited to the book as a whole, which I have probably made sound much heavier going than it actually is. I began by describing it as “darkly comic” and it really is quite funny, and exceptionally clear-eyed about people’s weaknesses and hypocrisies and moral compromises. I really appreciated Barfoot’s ability to combine a brisk, entertaining story with such important questions about life and death. The book I read right after it, Elizabeth Berg’s Never Change, tries to do something similar—it is about someone with terminal cancer making decisions about the end of his life—but by comparison it seemed pat, simplistic, and emotionally manipulative.barfoot3

It was Backlisted that made me go looking for something by Barfoot to read: their conversation about her earlier novel Gaining Ground (aka Abra) was completely convincing about the quality of the novel. Exit Lines is the only one of Barfoot’s novels held at the Halifax Public Libraries, which is why I got to it first, but it turns out the Dalhousie library has a lot of them, several of which I checked out on my last visit to the stacks. I don’t know why I hadn’t already read more of Barfoot’s fiction: I had certainly heard of her, and I think I actually read Dancing in the Dark many years ago, but somehow I had never gotten any further. I plan to make up for that in the next few weeks.


*I am not interested in debating the ethics of suicide here, or in defending either Owen’s choice or our understanding of it. I was recently reminded that this is a subject on which some people feel free to judge and criticize both the person who died and those who grieve them. Comments along those lines will be deleted.

Recent Reading: Kennedy & Barrera

KennedyI’m trying to get back in the habit of writing up most (maybe not all) of the books I read so here we go with a quickish update on two novels that I recently finished.

I heard a lot about Louise Kennedy’s Trespasses from other readers when it was first out, all of it good. It took me a while to get around to it, but I’m glad I kept it on my radar and grabbed it up when I came across it not long ago—a perk of being slow off the mark is that I found the nice hardcover edition on a sale table! (I often wait for the paperback, not just because hardcovers are so expensive here now but because I just prefer holding and reading paperbacks. But there’s still something satisfying about a hardcover, isn’t there?) Trespasses was definitely worth reading, though it is rough going emotionally. I thought Kennedy’s strategy of leading off chapters with quick rundowns of news items, in the same way Cushla does this with her students, was a deft way of contextualizing the novel’s plot, but also of reminding us that the “news” is not something that happens only to other people. Often I did a double-take when I realized that what seemed like just one more item was something that had happened to one of the novel’s characters. The effect was a building sense of dread, which was exacerbated by the general expectation of some kind of catastrophe, an expectation established by the setting and the specific mix of characters in the novel.

Kennedy keeps us primarily focused on the very personal story of Cushla’s life and especially her relationship with Michael Agnew, but it is impossible for this story to be only personal, for two people to just be “themselves,” exempted from politics or society.  It is hard not to feel angry and frustrated on their behalf at the prejudices and persecutions that they have to navigate, but at the same time Kennedy avoids trite “can’t we all just get along?” messages, not least because both Cushla and Michael have and act on ideas about how the world around them should be—they are not bystanders or neutral observers.

BarreraIn contrast, I had never heard of Jazmina Barrera’s Cross Stitch when I first spotted it in the bookstore a couple of months ago. Its title caught my eye because I do cross stitch myself, though it has been a while since I picked up any of my works in progress. (As my eyes age, it seems increasingly unlikely that I will ever finish the series of Henry VIII and his six wives that I began around 30 years ago. But never say never! I bought one of those around-the-neck magnifiers and it may make all the difference.) The novel’s blurb was appealing, but it took me a few visits to decide to actually give it a try—and unlike A Month in the Country, which I hesitated over for so much longer, Cross Stitch was not so good that I wished I had read it sooner. It wasn’t bad; there were things I really liked about it. It is a bittersweet story about friendship and the odd and sometimes sad paths it can take as people grow up and apart. The three women (initially girls) at its center, Mila, Dalia, and Citlala, are avid embroiderers, and the novel intersperses its first-person narration (by Mila, the writer of the group, of course) with reflections on needlework, including quotations from scholars and critics and other writers who have offered ideas about its role in women’s lives and in cultural history. One of these sources is Roszika Parker’s The Subversive Stitch, which was also an important source for the chapter on needlework and historiography in my academic monograph.

But I couldn’t really see what the embroidery material, or the women’s stitching, meant to the story Barrera tells of their lives, even though some of the explicit comments she makes about stitching and (or vs) writing were clever or thought-provoking. “I’ve never, and will never, read one of those books on how to write fiction,” Mila remarks at one point,

but it occurs to me that a novel could be written based on the instructions in needlework manuals, taking the following statements as if they were wise, disinterested pieces of advice:

‘When embroidering the foundation, always use a sharp needle.’

‘Don’t pull the thread too tightly; if you do, the loop becomes narrow and the effect is lost.’

‘Do exactly the same but in mirror image, reducing by one line at each step.’

‘When you stop embroidering, the work should be taken from the frame to allow the cloth to breath.’

I wonder whether, if I reread Cross Stitch really attentively, I would find that she has applied these lessons to the novel she’s narrating. I don’t expect I will reread it, though: it just wasn’t engaging enough. It had very little momentum, something I should perhaps have anticipated from the way the text is broken up into smaller and larger pieces, separated (a bit too cutely?) by small images of a needle and thread. graphic

As a coming of age novel, Cross Stitch definitely had its interest for me: Barrera is Mexican (the novel is translated by Christina MacSweeney), so it comes at those themes from its own angle, including both the girls’ experiences growing up in Mexico and their travels to London and Paris. I never know with a translated novel how much of my experience of it is actually a result of the translation; I found Cross Stitch a bit stilted or flat, but that’s something I find with a lot of English novels these days too, as cool, crisp writing is very much in vogue, so it may be as much a decision about how to present Barrera’s writing as it is a reflection of what it’s like in the original.

“Ah, those days”: J. L. Carr, A Month in the Country

CarrAh, those days . . . for many years afterwards their happiness haunted me. Sometimes, listening to music, I drift back and nothing has changed. The long end of summer. Day after day of warm weather, voices calling as night came on and lighted windows pricked the darkness and, at day-break, the murmur of corn and the warm smell of hayfields ripe for harvest. And being young.

If I’d stayed there, would I always have been happy? No, I suppose not. People move away, grow older, die, and the bright belief that there will be another marvelous thing around each corner fades. It is now or never; we must snatch at happiness as it flies.

I had heard A Month in the Country referred to so often, with such admiration, that I avoided it, rather cynically, for years, doubting it could live up to the hype. Now I wish I hadn’t: it is perfectly lovely—although if you haven’t read it, please don’t interpret that as meaning it is lightweight “feel good” fiction. It isn’t even bucolic, despite the title, and despite Carr’s wonderful evocations of the country landscape that envelops Tom Birkin when he goes to the village of Oxgodby to restore the obscured medieval mural in its otherwise unremarkable church:

The rain and ceased and dew glittered on the graveyard grass, gossamer drifted down air-currents, a pair of blackbirds picked around after insects, a thrush was singing where I could see him in one of the ash trees. And beyond lay the pasture I had crossed on my way from the station . . . then more fields rising towards a dark rim of hills.

It’s a tiny novel, a novella really, and one thing that makes it so remarkable is how much is in it even as so much is deftly left out. It is, as Tom says of the view from his window, “immensely satisfying.” We get just enough detail, about, for instance, the horrors Tom experienced during the war, or his grief about his broken marriage, to feel how deeply wounded he is, and yet we know this only from glancing references or occasional confidences, never from extended exposition. Tom doesn’t want to dwell on these painful things, but we understand that they are always with him, no matter how little he says about them, and because what he does say is so devastating. Carr also doesn’t offer us, or Tom, a month in the country as the simple cure for what ails him. This is no Eat, Pray, Love: in this book, trauma is trauma and stays that way, even as its sufferers discover that, though unrecovered, they still have the capacity for love and joy.

Carr2Throughout the novel there is a neat but never pat association between the restoration of the mural and Tom’s reconnection with a world full of life and colour—and along the way we get to follow Tom’s growing excitement about the painting itself, which he comes to believe is a true masterpiece:

It was breathtaking. (Anyway, it took my breath.) A tremendous waterfall of colour, the blues of the apex falling, then seething into a turbulence of red, like all truly great works of art, hammering you with its whole before beguiling you with its parts.

You can tell, although the point is never forced on us, that the restoration process is at once literal—described with rich technical detail, inviting us to marvel at the human capacity for creation and the way art touches and enlivens us across time and difference—and metaphorical, with the painter’s dedication to his task, in the full expectation that it will not last, that it will be lost to obscurity, standing in for our own commitment to our lives, which also will not last, which will also be obscured by the relentless passage of time. Faced with that prospect, we can either throw ourselves into it, as the artist does, giving it the very best we have, or retreat, succumb, despair. But spelling it out like this spoils it a bit, just as Tom knows that if he tries too hard to perfect the details of the uncovered painting he risks ruining it.

Tom is tempted to idealize his time in the country, but he recognizes and resists the lure of nostalgia, even for lost love, and this is the smartest thing about the novel: it at once celebrates and refuses the dream of what might have been. The promise of that idyllic interlude could never be sustained, or regained:

We can ask and ask but we can’t have again what once seemed ours for ever—the way things looked, that church alone in the fields, a bed on a belfry floor, a remembered voice, the touch of a hand, a loved face. They’ve gone and you can only wait for the pain to pass.

“All this happened so long ago,” Tom says at the end of the novel, “and I neve returned.” There is deep sadness at the irrevocability of his loss, but in leaving he also preserved the memory (“it stays as I left it”), which will never lose the beauty of its unfulfilled promise.

 

June Reading Wrap-Up

QEPJune began slowly, as a reading month anyway, as I was in Vancouver for the first 10 days of it and, as is pretty typical on these trips, I was too busy to settle down with a book. I did read about half of John Vaillant’s The Golden Spruce on the plane, and most of Donna Leon’s Drawing Conclusions while I was there (I borrowed it from my parents’ well-stocked mystery shelves but did not manage to finish it before I left). I’m definitely not complaining! It was a cheerful visit, made more so because Maddie was with me and I loved sharing my favorite people and places with her. Because we were also sharing a suitcase, I was also very restrained and did not buy any books while I was there. The only one I acquired was a very cool gift from my mother: a second impression of the first edition of The WavesWaves, from the Hogarth Press. 

I tried to make up for lost time when I got back: by the end of the month I had read seven, nearly eight, books (I finished the eighth one, Michael Cunningham’s Day, this morning, so I guess technically it counts towards my July reading). I already had my say about Celeste Ng’s Our Missing Hearts and David Nicholls’s You Are Here; the other stand-out is Dean Jobb’s A Gentleman and a  Thief, which is a well-told account of Arthur Barry, a daring and debonair “second-story man” who stole thousands of dollars worth of jewelry from the rich and privileged during the Jazz Age. His life story has many other surprising twists and turns, including a violent prison break and a tender and lasting romance. Jobb includes a lot of contextual information about the times and places and people in the book, all based on impressively thorough research. At times I did find myself thinking “this is how you turn one good idea into a whole book”—not that this material is padding, and certainly not that it doesn’t add anything, but the book got me pondering the whole genre of narrative non-fiction, not least because I had the same reaction to The Golden SpruceJOBB, that while all of its detail about the history and processes of the lumber industry in BC were interesting enough, the book also gave the impression of a single man’s story elaborated or built up with background and contexts until it made a large enough whole. Sometimes I just wanted to get on with the actual events!

I enjoyed Elizabeth Hay’s Snow Road Station, enough that I passed it along to a friend I thought might also like it, but not enough that I felt compelled to give it its own post. I found Emily Henry’s Funny Story fine: it passed the time, she writes OK, but I can’t imagine re-reading it (or any of her novels, for that matter). Funny Story had me thinking again about when a novel with a romance is a romance novel, a gambit nobody seemed interested in in my post on You Are Here. I’m pretty sure Funny Story is a (genre) romance, and by the time I’d finished it, I was more convinced than before that You Are Here is not, but it’s possible that You Are Here is just a better version of the same form. Better how? I want to say it’s richer, more thoughtful, more expansive, something like that, but I’m not sure I could defend those claims or demonstrate what I mean with examples. Anyway, I did enjoy Funny Story, about as much as I did Carley Fortune’s Meet Me At the Lake (which I read in May), but not enough to understand her massive best-sellerdom (or Fortune’s, for that matter). Any Emily Henry fans out there who would like to explain her specific appeal for them?henry

My other June reading was Tammy Armstrong’s new novel Pearly Everlasting, which I am reviewing for the Literary Review of Canada. As I told the editor, I almost certainly would not have picked up a book with its premise (it’s about a girl who is raised with a bear cub as her “brother”) to read just for myself. But it can be good, productive even, to read outside your comfort zone for a review, and I do always try to approach a book on its own terms, at least initially. We’ll see how this turns out! (What is it about CanLit and bears, though?)

And that’s my June reading! One thing I have figured out is that I get further these days if I settle in to read in the mornings than if I assume I will get around to it in the evenings. This isn’t really an option during the academic term, when I have to be up and out in time for classes and meetings, but my schedule is pretty flexible most days in the summer, plus I wake up quite early nowadays, meaning I can often get in an hour or two of reading before 8:30 or 9:00 a.m. and then start in on the day’s business. By 8:30 or 9:00 p.m., on the other hand, I am often past the point at which I can really concentrate pleasurably or productively on the page, so that’s a good time for P&P (podcasts and puzzles!), or crochet in front of the TV. It still seems to me that there are more hours in the day than there used to be, a phenomenon I’ve learned is shared by others who have found themselves living alone after years of busy parenting and cohabiting. Sometimes those hours do drag! But I am learning to fill them, and trying my best to consider them a luxury, or at least an opportunity, rather than a slog.

Moving Forward: David Nicholls, You Are Here

Nicholls1On the approach to Richmond, they passed a sign, a large board with a map of the path they were following, the scrawled red line from west coast to east, an arrow two-thirds of the way across labelled ‘You Are Here’.
‘Look at what we did together,’ she said.
‘I know,’ he said. ‘It’s quite something.’
‘And this . . .’ She measured out the remainder of the journey, a hand-span. ‘This is nothing,’ she said, and wondered, What if he asked me to stay on and finish the walk? Is that what he wants? If he asks me, if he asks me, I will. I will stay with him and walk into the sea.’

I didn’t take any notes as I read David Nicholls’ Here You Are. I didn’t even jot any pages numbers on the inside back cover, bits I liked or passages to go back to, threads I was following or (my usual bare minimum) a likely candidate for the title and lead-in quotation for a possible blog post. (I had to leaf through it again to find one to use!) I just read it straight through, which is not by any means a bad thing—although given the kind of reader I usually am, that perhaps suggests that it’s not a particularly deep or ambitious novel. I think that’s a fair assessment, actually, and there’s nothing wrong with that! In fact, the novel suited me perfectly in the moment, as I have been tired lately and finding things in general a bit wearing, so anything more demanding would probably have defeated me.

So when I say You Are Here is an amiable, intelligent, pleasantly predictable second-chance romance, I don’t mean to damn it with faint praise at all. Nicholls has a gift for characterization, and the leads here are just complex and troubled enough to add some shadows—to tether the story’s feel-good arc to some plausible sorrows and struggles so that it isn’t such light reading it feels insubstantial. He’s also very good at setting, and You Are Here lets him make the most of this, as it takes place on a walking trip across England (there are even maps!). It rains a lot, probably realistically, but even through the fog and clouds there are views:

The peaks were all around them now, outlined sharply against each other, like old-fashioned theatre flats. They walked a ridge, still a climb but not too arduous, the ground easy-going, short, tough grass like office carpet, until they were standing at a viewpoint, a rocky crown, toothed like battlements, the kind of place you might go to summon dragons.

It was a clever thought on Nicholls’ part to make his hero a geographer, so we don’t get just scenic descriptions but lots of little details about rocks and ridges and plateaus and massive incremental changes across inconceivable stretches of time—I think I found his mini infodumps more interesting than the heroine did, which may not bode well for their implied HEA!

Nicholls2The other clever thing about You Are Here is how neatly the walking trip fits the underlying movement of both plot and character: that it’s obvious (in a novel, a literal journey is pretty much always also a metaphorical journey) doesn’t make it dull, and the gradual progress of our protagonists towards tolerance, then interest, then understanding, then liking, then affection as they trudge and clamber and stroll towards each new stopping point is well done. Even though it seemed pretty clear what their final destination was, the route they take to get there is not, unlike the literal journey, mapped out ahead of time, and it was satisfying arrivingthere with them after the requisite Big Misunderstanding.

That’s another romance term, of course, and it is interesting to me that Nicholls’ novel so clearly fits all the conventions of the genre, except (as far as I can tell) in how it is packaged and marketed, which is certainly not as “genre fiction.” The ultimate test of these imperfect distinctions is where a book gets shelved in the bookstore, and I feel confident that You Are Here will be in the Fiction section, not the Romance section (where there is even that option). It is longer and richer in detail than a fair number of genre romances—I would even cautiously say that it is better written in these respects than most of the romances I have sampled, the formulaic underpinning less conspicuous and other more writerly elements predominating. (I am cautious because of course I have read only a small sample of the vast array of options, and some of the ones I have read are very well written, though my enthusiasm for the form has subsided somewhat since my long-ago conversion.) Not all fiction with a romance in it is romance fiction, just as not all fiction that includes a crime is crime fiction: maybe that’s really all that’s at stake here, that Nicholls has written about a romance, he hasn’t written a romance.

Anyway, whatever kind of novel it is, it’s an enjoyable one. It even made me think that one day I should go on a walking holiday! (That seems pretty unlikely, now that I’ve put the novel down, as I’m not at all a “carry a heavy rucksack up hills in pouring rain” type, but someday I would like to see some of the landscapes they cross.) I really liked Us as well, so Nicholls is two for two with me so far!